Tie rods are connected to earth retaining structures using a wide range of end connection details to suit varying materials and design conditions.

Item	Image	Key Features
Threaded end with hexagonal nut and bearing plate		Simple cost effective connection to flat concrete or steel surfaces where articulation is not required.
Threaded end with hexagonal nut and AZ bridging plate		As above, modified bearing plate accommodates the sheet piling interlock on the inside face of an AZ pile
Threaded end with hexagonal nut and wedge plate / tapered washer		As above, provides simple compensation of inclined anchorage
Threaded end with spherical nut		Simple cost effective connection to flat concrete or steel surfaces providing 7º of rotation/articulation in all directions particularly suitable where settlement is likely Accommodates the above plate options as required. Plates require machining of a spherical seat or an additional plate/washer with spherical seat
Eye tie rod – direct waler connection		Simple connection to waler beam allowing horizontal rotation. Suitable where there is a requirement for variable tie rod connections at different or unknown angles Allows for quick and easy connection
Eye tie rod – cardan joint waler connection		Simple connection to waler providing articulation in the vertical plane ideal for situations where settlement is predicted in combination with a waler fixed to the rear face of the retaining wall Allows for quick and easy connection
Eye tie rod – T connection		Purpose fabricated T piece designed and certified for load transfer between the tie rod and HZ King pile, e.g. at corner sections or non-parallel walls Allows for quick and easy connection – typically not suitable for use with tubular piles
Eye tie rod – T connection for concrete embedment		Purpose fabricated extended T pieces with bearing plate, primarily used for connection of eye tie rod to concrete-filled tubular King pile or concrete capping beam
Short threaded eye tie rod for concrete embedment		Threaded end provided with hex nut and bearing plate for encasement in concrete, placed to provide a full hinged joint connection Designed to consider bending moment in the protruding bar section of the tie rod
Spherical head connection	Spherical head diagram from AS powerpoint wide range of connections	Ideally suited for concrete capping beams (allows continuous formwork) and tubular piles with concrete infill